The YaMZ-238 engine, which went into production in the early 1960s, is still manufactured at the Yaroslavl Motor Plant today because of its reputation for being incredibly dependable and unassuming.
In addition to being several times less expensive than its foreign rivals with comparable technical features, modern YMZ 238 models meet all international quality standards and European environmental regulations. The engine is designed for tractors “Kirovets” and “ChTZ,” heavy vehicles “MAZ,” “KrAZ,” and “Ural,” combinations “Don” and “Polesie,” and other specialized equipment. It performs well, is efficient, and uses less fuel.
Specifications
| Manufacturer | Public joint-stock company «Autodiesel», Yaroslavl Motor Plant |
| Also called | 238 |
| Production years | 1962 |
| Cylinder block alloy | cast iron |
| Engine’s type | diesel |
| Configuration | V |
| Number of cylinders | 8 |
| Valves per cylinder | 2 |
| Piston stroke, mm | 140 |
| Cylinder bore, mm | 130 |
| Compression ratio | 16.5 |
| Displacement, cc | 14866 |
| Power output, hp | 235/1700 240/2100 250/1900 280/2100 290/2000 300/1900 320/2100 330/2000 330/2100 330/2100 |
| Torque output, Nm / rpm | 1108/1300 882/1500 1108/1300 1029/1500 1128/1400 1280/1300 1117/1500 1225/1400 1225/1300 1274/1200 |
| Firing order | 1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8 |
| Euro standards | Euro 0 Euro 1 Euro 2 |
| Turbocharger | K27-49 K36-87 turbocharger 11 turbocharger 122 |
| Weight, kg | 1075 (YAMZ-238M2) |
| Fuel consumption at speed 60 km/h, L/100 km (for Ural 4320) | 38 |
| Oil consumption, % to fuel consumption | 0.5 0.2 (Euro 2) |
| Recommended engine oil: -summer -winter (less +5° C) |
M-10-G2k M-8-G2k |
| Engine oil capacity, liter | 29 (atmospheric) 32 (turbocharged) |
| Oil change interval, hours | 500 1000 (Euro-2) |
| Dimensions, mm: — length — width — height |
(YAMZ-238B) 1315 1045 1070 |
| Engine lifespan — official information, hours — real, thousand km |
8 000 800+ |
YAMZ-238 cylinder block
Low alloyed gray iron is used to cast the cylinder block. acts as the foundation for the installation of all engine components and assemblies. block in the shape of a V with a 90º camber angle. Due to the installation of two connecting rods on each connecting rod journal of the crankshaft, the right row of cylinders is 35 mm ahead of the left. Each cylinder seat has two coaxial cylindrical holes made in the block’s upper and lower plates, along which the cylinder liner is centered. The upper plate also has an annular groove for the liner collar.
YAMZ-238 cylinder head
Studs screwed into the cylinder block hold the cylinder head, which is composed of low-alloy gray cast iron. Heat treatment is applied to the chromium-nickel steel studs. The cylinder head features a liquid cooling cavity that communicates with the block cavity to guarantee heat dissipation. The side surface of the head has holes for tubes to supply fuel to the nozzle. Injectors, rocker arms, and valves with springs are all located in the cylinder head.
Crankshaft YAMZ-238
Steel is used to make the crankshaft, which is produced by hot stamping. The nitrided layer is at least 0.35 mm deep and covers all of the shaft’s surfaces. There are four connecting rod journals and five main bearings on the crankshaft. The connecting rod journals have two connecting rods installed on them. During operation, oil is applied under pressure to lubricate the main and connecting rod journals. The main bearings receive oil, which is subsequently delivered to the connecting rod journals via the inclined channels. The oil is further centrifugally cleaned in internal cavities in the connecting rod journals that are sealed with plugs.